Vitamin B3

Vitamin B3

Other names: Niacin, Niacinamide
Chemical formula: C₆H₅NO₂(Niacin), C₆H₆N₂O(Niacinamide)
Solubility: Niacin: slightly soluble in water (1.8 g/100 mL, 25°C), easily soluble in alkali solution; Niacinamide: very soluble in water (1 g/1 mL) and ethanol
Stability: Heat-stable (no decomposition when heated at 120°C for 20 minutes); Niacin is hydrolyzed in strong acid/base, and nicotinamide is converted to niacin in strong acid
Appreance: White crystalline powder or white needle-shaped crystals

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Vitamin B3 participates in metabolism in the form of NAD ⁺/NADP ⁺:

  • Energy metabolism: As a coenzyme of over 400 enzymes, it participates in glycolysis, TCA cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation
  • Lipid regulation: Niacin can reduce VLDL (20-50% reduction in triglycerides when daily dose ≥ 1g)
  • Deficiency disorder: Causes pellagra (dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia "3D" symptoms)
  • Clinical application:
    • Hyperlipidemia treatment (sustained-release niacin)
    • Protection against photosensitive skin diseases (niacinamide)
    • Adjuvant treatment of diabetes (improving beta cell function)

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