Vitamin B1

Vitamin B1, in the form of thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), serves as a key coenzyme that dominates glucose metabolism and energy conversion：

• Sugar metabolism: participates in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (sugar → acetyl CoA) and alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (TCA cycle), promoting ATP production.
• Neurological function: By regulating the pentose phosphate pathway through transaminase, NADPH and nucleotide precursors are generated to maintain the integrity of the myelin sheath.
• Deficiency syndrome: Long term deficiency leads to beriberi (classified as wet edema type, dry nerve type) and Wernicke's encephalopathy (consciousness disorders, ataxia), commonly found in alcoholics or those with refined staple foods as the main group.
• Clinical application: It is used for diabetes neuropathy (improving conduction velocity), auxiliary treatment of heart failure (enhancing myocardial energy metabolism) and management of alcohol withdrawal syndrome.